Integration or Transformation? - Appendices

Integration or Transformation?

A cross-national study of information and communication technology in school education

Appendix 6.16

6.16 Establishment of critical values for transitions between Phases

Table 34: Summary of Phase transition indicators from case studies for the general model

	Attribute	Introductory Phase 1 Integrative Phase 2 Transformative Phase 3
Student use of ICT	% with home computer access	1%		50%	90%	99%+
	% with home Internet access	none		25%	90-95%	more
	% of learning using computers (for average student age 11)	1%		3%	10%	20%
ICT professional development for teachers	Skill Standards	Some specialist IT teachers	Basic operational skills for all teachers	ICT integration	Some have ICT management skills and/or do on-line teaching	Most use ICT to monitor student progress
ICT professional development for teachers	Software use in the classroom	none	Office tools	Library of curriculum software	Development tools and Internet services	On-line content and multi-media tutorial systems
School implementation	Students per computer	28		6		1 (including home-based systems)
	School networking	None	Partial	Entirely	Accessible from home	Accessible world-wide
	Internet connection/500 students	None	1M bps	2.88M bps		ADSL (256kbits to 1.5Mbs)
	Server space /client	None	E-mail	10M bytes	100Mbytes	Practically unlimited
	Workstation types	32k RAM, 8 bit processor	486 PC	Multi-media	Fast multi-media	DVD with voice recognition
	Frameworks for student ICT learning outcomes	Basic IT skills/IT literacy	Penetrating into all subject areas using an applications template	Embedded in all subjects and integrating between them	Balance of modes in all curriculum areas	ICT vital to most study topics
	Internet access control	N/A	Access restricted to limited number of supervised workstations	Net-Nanny or other filtering	Acceptable Use Agreements	None
Government intentions/ philosophy	Infrastructure	Assistance to provide 1 computer per school	Geared/matched funding to promote ICT	Modernisation through ICT	Application-renting agreements	Diagnostic software production
Government intentions/ philosophy	Policy rationale & policy instruments	N/A	ICT skills for employment	Equity of service provision through ICTs	Endorsement of “virtual practicuums”	Sponsorship of socialisation activities as an alternative to schools.